Dyslexia in Children: What Parents Need to Know
Dyslexia is one of the most common learning differences affecting children, yet it is often misunderstood. Early recognition and support can make a significant difference in a child’s academic and emotional well-being. This guide explains what dyslexia is, how to recognize the signs, and what steps parents can take to help their child succeed.
What Is Dyslexia?
Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that primarily affects reading and related language-based processing skills. It is not a reflection of intelligence or effort. Children with dyslexia may have difficulty with:
Recognizing and sounding out words
Spelling
Reading fluency
Writing
Sometimes, understanding spoken language
Dyslexia is a lifelong condition, but with the right support, children can learn strategies to manage their challenges and thrive academically[1][2].
Early Signs of Dyslexia
1. Preschool and Kindergarten
Delayed speech development
Difficulty learning nursery rhymes or recognizing rhyming words
Trouble learning the alphabet, letter names, or sounds
Difficulty remembering sequences, such as days of the week
Problems pronouncing words or mixing up sounds in words (e.g., saying “beddy tear” instead of “teddy bear”)[1][3]
2. Early Elementary School
Slow or inaccurate reading
Guessing at words rather than sounding them out
Difficulty spelling, often with inconsistent or unusual errors
Avoiding reading aloud
Trouble remembering sight words (e.g., “the,” “was,” “said”)
Difficulty with handwriting or organizing written work[1][2]
3. Later Elementary and Beyond
Reading below grade level
Slow reading and writing, even with extra effort
Difficulty summarizing a story or understanding what was read
Avoidance of reading and writing tasks
Low self-esteem or frustration related to schoolwork[2][3]
How Dyslexia Affects Learning
Dyslexia primarily impacts reading, but it can also affect:
Spelling and Writing: Children may struggle to spell words correctly or organize their thoughts on paper.
Math: Word problems and remembering math facts can be challenging.
Memory: Difficulty remembering instructions, sequences, or new vocabulary.
Self-Esteem: Repeated struggles can lead to frustration, anxiety, or low confidence in school[2][4].
Strengths Often Seen in Children with Dyslexia
It’s important to remember that children with dyslexia often have unique strengths, such as:
Creative thinking and problem-solving
Strong reasoning and comprehension skills
Talent in art, music, sports, or building things
High levels of empathy and social awareness[4]
What Parents Can Do
1. Monitor Developmental Milestones
Be aware of early language and reading milestones. If you notice persistent difficulties, consider seeking an evaluation.
2. Seek a Professional Assessment
A comprehensive evaluation by a psychologist, educational specialist, or developmental-behavioral pediatrician can identify dyslexia and guide intervention.
3. Advocate for Support at School
Children with dyslexia are eligible for accommodations and specialized instruction, such as:
Structured literacy programs (e.g., Orton-Gillingham approach)
Extra time on tests
Audiobooks or text-to-speech technology
Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) or 504 Plans[1][2]
4. Encourage and Support at Home
Read together daily, using audiobooks if needed.
Celebrate your child’s strengths and efforts.
Provide a supportive, patient environment for homework and reading.
5. Connect with Resources
Support groups, advocacy organizations, and educational therapists can provide valuable information and encouragement.
The Importance of Early Intervention
Early identification and intervention are key to helping children with dyslexia succeed. With the right support, children can develop effective reading strategies, build confidence, and reach their full potential[1][2].
If you’re concerned your child may be showing signs of dyslexia, early evaluation and support can make a world of difference. Schedule a comprehensive assessment with Dr. Mejia Roque to better understand your child’s needs and explore effective strategies for success.
References
International Dyslexia Association. Dyslexia Basics.
Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Dyslexia (Specific Reading Disability). Biological Psychiatry. 2005;57(11):1301-1309.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Identifying and Treating Dyslexia. Pediatrics. 2011;127(3):e818-e856.
Snowling MJ, Hulme C. Annual Research Review: The nature and classification of reading disorders—a commentary on proposals for DSM-5. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2012;53(5):593-607.
